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• How Burgundy became Borgonze, part one (0)
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Thus Herrig Dieophí, bishop of Meç (OTL Henri Dauphin, bishop of Metz) was married to Mary, daughter of Duke Robert II of Burgundy. Just as OTL Guighe de Vienay died young and childless and was succeded by his brother Hombert II of Vienay. Hombert was incompetent and uninterested in government and left it to his uncle, bishop Herrig, and when Herrig died in 1349 the likewise childless Hombert abdicated in favor of Herrig’s (unordained) second son, also named Guighe (1320-1386), and when Philip I of Burgundy died of the plague in 1361 Guighe IX of Vienay also became Guighe I of Burgundy. Guighe realized that the war over the succession to the throne of France, raging between the houses of Burgundy, Normandy and Valois could not be won as long as it was an all on all war with three parties.

Guighe made explicit the tendency which had been discernible from the beginning by negotiating a treaty with Charles of Valois and Edward VI the Black, Earl of Norþhumberland. The treaty stipulated that Guighe, Charles and Edward would mutually recognise each other as kings of Burgundy, France and Yngland respectively and join forces against John IV of Normandy. In spite of John’s son — also — being an able warrior he soon saw himself thrown out of Yngland and struggling to defend Normandy itself. King John saw himself forced to negotiate a disastruous peace, renouncing his claims to the thrones of both Yngland and France, and leaving his remaining three possessions of Normandy, Aquitaine and Ulster to his grandsons (who were sons of three different fathers and thus cousins to each other), with Richard of Normandy and Richard of Aquitaine having to swear loyalty to Charles of France and Humphrey of Ulster having to swear loyalty te Edward of Yngland. It was hoped that the three cousins, who had not known each other during childhood, would feel little loyalty to each other, but that hope was only partly fulfilled.

However the peace held the germ of further conflict, since Guighe with the support of Edward, who was rewarded with the control of the Pale of Calis, insisted and succeeded in annexing Picardy, which had been occupied by Burgundy since early in the war, to Burgundy. Upon the death of Edward of Yngland in 1371 Charles of France attacked Burgundy, but it was not long before the two cousins Richard of Normandy and Aquitaine, now laying claim to the titles King of France and King of Aquitaine, attacked Charles’ domain. Thus the war in France was almost back where it had been at the peace nine years earlier. Charles’ only consolation was that Richard of Normandy also hoped to take control of Picardy and thus initially had no success in forming an alliance with Burgundy. Thus this later phase of the Humndred Years’ War is called the War of Picardy, and indeed Picardy was pillaged and ravaged by armies of the three rival powers for decades.

Charles of France tried to make an alliance with the young Edmund of Yngland and have him attack Normandy across the Channel, but Yngland was now embroiled in another conflict: Edward the Black’s assuming of the title King of Yngland had enraged king Haakon of Norway and Sweden, because the earls of Norþhumberland had since 1066 officially been vassals of the kings of Norway who had claimed the title of King of Yngland in competition with the dukes of Normandy. Haakon, having political troubles to the East as well as ongoing military trouble overseas in Vinland, had no resources to attack Yngland himself, but Robert II, the new King of Scotland, was more than willing to proclaim himself as representing Haakon’s interests, hoping to be able to negotiate control of the Orkneys and Shetland in return. There also was a latent conflict between Scotland and Yngland over Ireland: although their mutual desire to oust the Normans of Ireland had earlier made allies of Scotland and Yngland on that front, but Humphrey, grandson of John IV of Normandy and Yngland and since 1362 duke of Ulster as a vassal of the king of Yngland, had cleaverly played out the rivalry between David II of Scotland and Edward IV of Yngland over Ireland. He now swiftly claimed the title King of Ireland, but was resisted by both Norman and Irish nobles in the south of the island. His plan of taking advantage of the Scoto-Inglionic conflict and even lend assistance to hin cousins in France thus faltered.

The net result was that Yngland, Scotland and Ireland each became an independent kingdom, with Yngland controlling Wales as a personal union. In France the borders of 1362 were eventually reconfirmed after decades of intermittent indecisive warfare. The peace was negotiated by the count of Tolosa who in his person combined the kingdom of Aragon and Catalonia. Thus the domains of the Count of Tolosa, later called Lenguedoc, effectively were withdrawn from French control. Aquitaine also was, through an alliance with Borgonze, able to maintain a state of semi-independence until the Norman House of Aquitaine died out in the 16th century, at a time when Borgonze was embroiled in German politics.

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• The origin of the Borgonzay or Rhodray language (0)
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When expanding the alphabet Ajchrip worked with what he had, viz. a set of Russian Cyrillic moveable type. He used several methods to expand his inventory of letters:

1. To use letters which were allographs for a single sound in the 19th century Russian alphabet for different phonemes in his native language.
2. To turn the letters which the missionaries had used for two different sounds upside down to get a new letter for the sound missing in Russian. This was easy to do in moveable type but is hard to reproduce on computers. In the case of Е е and Ǝ ə he used this method to distinguish two different sounds which were written alike in Russian. Apparently he had no Ё ё types available.
3. Digraphs, used especially to distinguish alveopalatal fricatives and affricates from their retroflex counterparts. The digraph НГ нг was taken over from the missionaries’ spelling, since it was in fact unambiguous. Note that in the modern language it contrasts with the spelling н’г in loanwords like дин’гі, which were formerly spelled in the Russian way (денги).
4. In one case, Ъ ъ, he used a letter which was always silent in Russian for a sound not found in that language. He had plenty of Ъ ъ type, since that letter was used vacuously after every word-final consonant in 19th century Russian orthography.

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Related posts

• How Burgundy became Borgonze, part one (0)
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